Beewolf Information
Beewolves (genus Philanthus), also known as bee-hunters, burrowing wasps, or philanthuses, are solitary, predatory wasps, most of which prey on bees, hence their common name. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground for nesting, while the territorial males mark twigs and other objects with pheromones to claim the territory from competing males.
As with all other sphecoid wasps the larvae are carnivorous, forcing the inseminated females to hunt for other invertebrates (in this case bees), on which she lays her eggs, supplying the larvae with prey when they emerge. The adults collect nectar from flowers or from squeezing the bees they capture for prey;[citation needed] the nectar is their energy source for flight.
The prevalent European species, P. triangulum, specializes in preying upon honey bees, thus making it a minor pest for beekeepers.[citation needed] Other Philanthus species may specialize on other bee species, or they may be generalists which prey upon a wide variety of bees, or other types of Hymenoptera.[citation needed]
European beewolf carrying a honey bee towards its tunnel.They are notable in stinging their prey in a membranous location on the ventral surface where the venom quickly paralyzes major voluntary muscles, yet does not kill the prey. The prey may attempt to sting in return, but it is always grabbed in such a way that only well-armored portions of the beewolf's body are presented. The beewolf carries the prey back to a tunnel, but usually only stores it temporarily, until it is later used to provision a cell burrow, where an egg is laid.
The tunnel of Philanthus triangulum can be as much as 1 m long. The first part of the tunnel slopes downward at an angle of 30o after which it levels out. Up to 34 lateral tunnels each ending in a brood chamber branch off from the main tunnel.[1] Each brood chamber is stocked with one to six honeybees.[1]
Species
The genus Philanthus contains about 170 species, some of which are listed here:[citation needed]
- Philanthus albopilosus (a.k.a. P. simillimus)
- Philanthus albopilosus albopilosus
- Philanthus albopilosus manuelito
- Philanthus arizonicus
- Philanthus banabacoa
- Philanthus barbatus
- Philanthus barbiger
- Philanthus basilaris
- Philanthus bicinctus (bumblebeewolf)
- Philanthus bilunatus
- Philanthus boharti (Bohart's beewolf)
- Philanthus coarctatus (a.k.a. P. niloticus)
- Philanthus coarctatus coarctatus
- Philanthus coarctatus raptor (robber philanthus)
- Philanthus coarctatus siculus
- Philanthus coronatus (crowned philanthus)
- Philanthus coronatus coronatus
- Philanthus coronatus orientalis
- Philanthus crabroniformis
- Philanthus crotoniphilus
- Philanthus elegantissimus
- Philanthus fuscipennis
- Philanthus gibbosus
- Philanthus gloriosus
- Philanthus histrio
- Philanthus inversus
- Philanthus lepidus
- Philanthus levini (Levin's beewolf)
- Philanthus loeflingi (Loefling's beewolf)
- Philanthus michelbacheri (Michelbacher's beewolf)
- Philanthus multimaculatus
- Philanthus nasalis
- Philanthus neomexicanus
- Philanthus occidentalis
- Philanthus pacificus
- Philanthus parkeri (Parker's beewolf)
- Philanthus politus
- Philanthus psyche
- Philanthus pulchellus
- Philanthus pulcher
- Philanthus sanborni (Sanborn's beewolf)
- Philanthus saxigenus
- Philanthus schusteri (Schuster's beewolf)
- Philanthus sculpturatus
- Philanthus serrulatae (a.k.a. P. siouxensis)
- Philanthus solivagus
- Philanthus stygius
- Philanthus stygius stygius
- Philanthus stygius atronitens
- Philanthus tarsatus
- Philanthus triangulum (European beewolf)
- Philanthus variegatus
- Philanthus ventilabris
- Philanthus ventralis (a.k.a. Ococletes ventralis)
- Philanthus venustus
- Philanthus zebratus
References
- ^ a b Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Publishing Group.
External links
- Semiochemicals of Genus Philanthus, Pherobase
- The Genus Philanthus, BugGuide.Net
- Philanthus photos, video, digging wasp ecology
- Hymis Photographs of Palearctic species.
Categories: Crabronidae
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