Pite Sami Language Information
Pite Sami, also known as Arjeplog Sami, is a Sami language traditionally spoken in Sweden and Norway. It is a critically endangered language[1] that has only about 25–50[2] native speakers left and is now only spoken on the Swedish side of the border along the Pite River in the north of Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur and in the mountainous areas of the Arjeplog municipality.
Contents |
Grammar
Cases
Pite Sámi has 9 cases:
Verbs
Person
Pite Sami verbs conjugate for three grammatical persons:
- first person
- second person
- third person
Mood
Pite Sami has five grammatical moods:
Grammatical number
Pite Sami verbs conjugate for three grammatical numbers:
Tense
Pite Sami verbs conjugate for two simple tenses:
and two compound tenses:
Negative verb
Pite Sami, like Finnish, the other Sámi languages and Estonian, has a negative verb. In Pite Sámi, the negative verb conjugates according to mood (indicative, imperative and optative), person (1st, 2nd and 3rd) and number (singular, dual and plural). This differs from some other the other Sami languages, e.g., from Northern Sami, which do not conjugate according to tense and other Sami languages, that do not use the optative.
Non-past indicative Past indicative sg. du. pl. sg. du. pl. 1 iv ien iehp 1 ittjiv iejmien iejmieh iep ittjijmen ittjijmeh 2 ih iehpien iehpit 2 ittjih iejtien iejtieh ehpien ihpit ittjijtien ittjijteh ihpien 3 ij iepaa ieh 3 ittjij iejkaan ittjin iepaan ittjijka
For non-past indicative versions that have more than one form, the second one is from the dialect spoken around Björkfjället and the third is from the Svaipa dialect. The plurality in the other forms is due to parallel forms that are not bound by dialect.
Imperative Optative sg. du. pl. sg. du. pl. 1 - - - 1 alluv iellun iellup allun allup 2 ielieh iellien iellit 2 alluh ielluten ielluteh alluten alluteh 3 - - - 3 allus ielluska ielluseh alluska alluseh
Phonology
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. |
Writing system
Pite Sámi is one of the four Sámi languages that does not have an official written language.
References
- ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
- ^ At least 25 speakers in 2010 according to researcher Joshua Wilbur. At least 30 active, native speakers in 2010; at least an additional 20 native speakers who do not use the language actively according to the Pite Sami dictionary project leader Nils Henrik Bengtsson.
- Lagercrantz, Eliel: Sprachlehre des Westlappischen nach der Mundart von Arjeplog. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, 1926, ISSN 0355-0230.
- Lehtiranta, Juhani: Arjeploginsaamen äänne- ja taivutusopin pääpiirteet. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, 1992, ISBN 951-9403-55-8.
- Pite Saami Documentation Project. www2.hu-berlin.de/psdp. 2009.05.03.
External links
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Categories:
|